Understanding Backflow Testing: What Is It and Why Is It Essential?

Water is a very precious resource, particularly for drinking. But surprisingly, it can be quite easily compromised when it reverses flow, picking up all sorts of unwanted little contaminants. These can be pretty nasty and, in some cases, pose serious health risks, which is why it’s so important to make sure our water stays clean and safe to drink! One way to do this is by making sure you have regular backflow prevention testing done and ensuring that all your plumbing systems are in good shape.
All this information may seem overwhelming, but don’t worry—we’ll break it down below!

What is Backflow?

Backflow is a term that describes the process where potentially contaminated water flows backward, reversing its normal direction and entering a property’s potable water supply. Backflow is a pretty serious issue because it can introduce harmful substances—like chemicals, bacteria or waste—into the clean water that you rely on for cooling and drinking, etc. When backflow occurs, the water becomes unsafe for human consumption and can lead to health risks if ingested or even when used for other everyday tasks. Although it’s not super common, it can happen, but don’t worry, we’re here to make sure it doesn’t happen to you!

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Backflow Causes & Risks

Backflow typically occurs when there is a sudden change or drop in water pressure in the plumbing system, causing water to flow in the opposite direction from where it should be going. Instead of clean water flowing into your property from the mains, the flow reverses—potentially drawing in contaminated water from sources like toilets, sinks, and garden hoses. But what causes a change in water pressure? You may be wondering. Let’s break it down below:

  • Backsiphonage occurs when the pressure in the main water supply suddenly drops, such as when a water main bursts or firefighters use a hydrant nearby. This can create a sort of vacuum effect that pulls water from inside your plumbing system—such as sinks, toilets, or garden hoses—back into the clean water supply.
  • Backpressure occurs when the pressure inside your plumbing system exceeds the pressure in the main water supply. This can push used or dirty water from your system back into the clean water pipes. Backpressure might occur if you have a pump, a water heater, an elevated water tank, or any system that builds pressure in your pipes.

In both cases, without proper backflow prevention, the water you rely on for drinking and washing can become unsafe. That’s why backflow prevention devices and regular testing are so important!

As for the risks, when backflow water is used for cooking, bathing, or as drinking water, it can pose some serious health risks—ranging from tummy problems to more serious illnesses—even more so if you have been exposed to contaminated water without knowing for an extended period of time.

Recognising Backflow Issues

As we now know, backflow is something you definitely don’t want happening to your water supply, but the good news is that it’s not too hard to spot the signs.

  • Foul smell – If your water smells strange, like sewage or chemicals, it could mean contaminated water has flowed back into your clean supply. This can happen when water reverses flow from sinks, toilets, or garden hoses not properly isolated from the main line.
  • Discolouration – When your water looks cloudy or has a brownish or yellow tint, it might be a sign that unwanted particles have snuck in. Backflow can carry these contaminants into your water supply, leaving visible particles or discoloration. If you do notice a change in colour in your water supply, you should contact us immediately.
  • Change in water taste or quality – A sudden change in the taste or quality of your water, such as a metallic, bitter, or musty flavor, is another indicator of potential backflow, as some nasty contaminants may have entered your clean water supply. Our rule of thumb is if it tastes off, turn it off – and give us a call!
  • Fluctuations in water pressure – If your water pressure suddenly drops or becomes unpredictable, it might be a sign of backflow. When water starts flowing in the wrong direction, it interferes with normal pressure, and you might notice weak or erratic water flow.
  • Leakages – Leakages in your plumbing system, especially near backflow prevention devices, fixtures, or appliances connected to the main water supply, could be a sign of backflow pressure causing strain on your pipes. When the pressure in your plumbing system is higher than that of the water supply, it might force water out of places it shouldn’t.

What is Backflow Prevention?

Backflow prevention means preventing the reverse flow of water from potentially contaminated sources back into your clean water supply. How do you prevent backflow from happening? You may be wondering. To prevent backflow and reduce the risk of nasty contaminants entering your system’s water supply, we use special devices designed to keep the water flowing in the right direction and stop contaminated water from flowing backward.

Some common backflow prevention devices are:

  • RPZ valves are a backflow device used in high-risk areas, such as commercial or industrial settings, where contaminants like chemicals or fertilisers may enter the water supply. They have two check valves and a relief valve that opens if the pressure drops or there is a backflow, safely discharging the contaminated water before it reaches the clean supply.
  • Dual-check valves are ideal for homes and low-risk settings. They use two spring-loaded valves to prevent water from flowing backward. Compact and low-maintenance, they offer basic protection but lack a relief valve, making them unsuitable for high-risk or hazardous situations.
  • Atmospheric vacuum breakers are simple and affordable devices used in low-risk, single-outlet systems like garden taps or toilet flush valves. If pressure drops, the valve lets air in to break the vacuum and stop dirty water from being sucked back in. They don’t protect against backsiphonage and can’t be used on systems under constant pressure.
  • Pressure vacuum breakers (PRBS) are often used in irrigation systems. They work under constant pressure and contain a check and inlet valve that work together to prevent contaminated water from flowing backward during a sudden pressure drop. PRBS can handle continuous pressure but only protect against backsiphonage.

The Importance of Backflow Prevention Testing

As you now know, water is an incredibly precious resource that can be easily (not often, but easily) contaminated by nasty chemicals and other debris, particularly in high-risk areas where harmful chemicals or pollutants like waste may be present.

That’s why installing a backflow prevention device is not enough. The Victorian Department of Health requires annual testing for prevention devices connected to medium or high-hazard properties to ensure compliance with regulations. This includes RPZ valves and pressure vacuum breakers, which are typically found in commercial, industrial, or irrigation systems.

Having your backflow prevention device inspected each year also ensures it’s still doing its job—preventing backflow incidents and stopping potentially contaminated water from flowing back into the clean supply. These devices can wear out, get blocked, or fail over time, especially if they’re exposed to high-risk conditions. Regular checks make sure everything’s working as it should so that if there ever is a risk of contamination, your system is ready to stop it before it becomes a problem.

New Regulations for Underground Tanks

Recent regulations by the Victorian Building Authority (VBA) mandate the installation of RPZ valves for underground rainwater tanks to prevent potential contamination of the potable water supply. According to the VBA, when a rainwater tank is buried, the risk classification is high, so a testable backflow prevention device like an RPZ valve is needed. This requirement aligns with the Plumbing Code of Australia and AS/NZS 3500.1 standards, ensuring that backflow prevention measures are appropriate to the hazard level.

Don't Wait Until It's Too Late—Contact Intuitive Plumbing!

Backflow issues can sneak up when you least expect them, but a quick test can save you a whole lot of trouble down the track. At Intuitive Plumbing, we make it easy to stay safe and compliant with professional backflow testing and maintenance. Our friendly, licensed plumbers know exactly what to look for and will make sure everything’s running as it should. So don’t put it off — give us a call or send us an email and book your backflow prevention test today!

We are your one-stop plumbing shop in Melbourne—well, not shop, but you get what we mean. In addition to providing backflow prevention testing, we also offer a range of other plumbing services, including general plumbing, gas safety checks, leak detection, help with blocked drains, and so much more. Please don’t hesitate to reach out to us if you have any questions about how we can help you!

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